International Journal of Orofacial Biology

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Background: Like any other cancer, tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is closely connected to every step of its tumorigenesis. Periostin is a unique multifunctional extracellular matrix protein found to be overexpressed in various types of human cancers. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze various studies in literature that have reported the expression of emerging novel tumor marker “PERIOSTIN” and to determine its role in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Articles on periostin in relation to OSCC were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and a thorough Google search was done. Hand search of Journals was also performed. Of nine potentially relevant articles, four were excluded on the grounds of exclusion criteria, and one was excluded being a review article. However, one article was included by internet search and hand search. Of the total of five relevant articles reviewed, the resulting data were collected and tabulated. Results: All the five studies reviewed demonstrated an upregulation of periostin in OSCC. Among the five, two studies showed a positive correlation of periostin with the invasive patterns of OSCC. Two of the studies correlated the expression of periostin with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Four of the five articles reviewed, showed a significant correlation of periostin expression with metastasis of OSCC. Conclusion: The inference drawn from this systematic review is that the periostin plays an important role in tumor progression including invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of OSCC raising the possibility that it could be used as a molecular target in the therapy of OSCC patients.

Osteosarcoma (OS), referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant bone tumor excluding plasma cell tumors. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy. It commonly involves the appendicular skeleton. Like, its counterpart in the long bones, OS affecting the head-and-neck region shows the distinct yet diverse clinical, histologic, and prognostic characteristics. Its diagnosis is a challenge to oral pathologists and is especially important in early stages to improve its prognosis. The data have been taken from the published articles and standard books and are summarized. In this review, in addition to summarizing the current understanding of OS etiology and diagnostic methods, various experimental therapeutics have been described that provides evidence to encourage a potential paradigm shift toward the introduction of immunomodulation, which may offer a more comprehensive approach to battling cancer.

Lipoma, a benign tumor originating from the adipocytes, is commonly seen in many parts of the human body. Oral cavity is not a favored location for the occurrence of lipomas. Histopathologically, many variants have been described based on the presence of other components. Fibrolipoma is one such variant where the adipocytes are admixed with fibrous component. It appears as an asymptomatic growth anywhere on the oral mucosa in middle-aged individuals. A case of this variant in a 52-year-old male patient is being reported.

Salivary glands containing coexisting lipomatous lesions are rare and have only been identified recently as a distinct entity; one of these lesions is a sialolipoma. The characteristic feature of these tumors is a benign proliferation of mature adipose tissue along with normal salivary gland features. We describe a case of a slowly enlarging mass in the submandibular region of a 45-year-old male which on excision was reported as sialolipoma

Background: With the busy lifestyle, there is little or no time to look after oneself, both physically and mentally. A balanced diet along with a healthy diet and regular physical exercise can help us combat various nutrition problems andachieve healthy weight goals. Obesity has become one among us. It is one of the most omnipresent, chronic diseases in need of new better strategies for prevention. Children are equipped with smartphones which makes them less active physically. It is the need of the day to have a check on the lifestyle of students, especially in the professional field, since everyday is tedious, and this is the time where tend to inculcate good or bad eating and exercising habits. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the diet and exercise pattern of students of a well-reputed dental college. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was prepared and given to the dental students of a reputed institution in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study was conducted from October 2016 to January 2017. A total of 197 responses were obtained. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: This study showed that the diet and exercise habits of the students in majority are not very healthy. 36% of students had their breakfast on time, 42% had their lunch on time, and 51% had their dinner on time. 22.84% always ate more when stressed. A total of 54.3% had the habit of snackingduring studying, 52.1% when they were bored, 34% at parties, and 7.4% due to other reasons which were not stated. Nearly 50% of them exercise 0–1 time/week with light intensity exercises such as walking. A majority of 66.7% did not have the habit even before joining the college. With regard to the level of intensity, 33.3% of them did light workout, and 42% did moderate workout and 7% had the habit of doing heavy workout. The reason for exercising was mainly to maintain or lose weight (45%). 29% for general health, 14% for enjoyment, 9% stated that they worked out to relieve stress, and 3% for other reasons. Conclusion: This study concludes that the students, if given enough guidance, will be able to choose proper diet and exercise patterns, maintain good fitness and follow it regularly. This will prevent obesity and thus, in turn, various chronic diseases.

Online since 19^th August, 2016