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REVIEW ARTICLES
Cytokeratin: A review on current concepts
Anoop Kumar, Nithya Jagannathan
January-June 2018, 2(1):6-11
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_3_18  
Cytokeratins are proteins which form the intermediate filaments and form the major cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells. It has an enormous role in providing mechanical support to the cell. There are various kinds of cytokeratins each showing varied expression in the epithelium. The cytokeratins can be broadly classified into type I or acidic and type II or basic proteins. The expression of these plays a role in differentiating different types of epithelial cells, thus enabling us to classify tumors. They help in diagnosing different types of tumors and thus have a vital role in diagnostic pathology.
  21 17,341 1,644
CASE REPORT
Oral lipoma: An uncommon case report with ultrasonographic finding
Misha Efney Fernandes, Surekha R Puranik
January-June 2019, 3(1):30-32
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_1_21  
Lipoma is most common tumor of mesenchymal origin and is rarely seen in the oral and maxillofacial region. The etiology is still unknown. Various theories are given explaining the pathogenesis of adipose tissue tumor. Intraoral lipoma is a rare entity, painless and mostly diagnosed on a routine dental check-up. We report a case of intraoral lipoma on the buccal mucosa of a 60-year-old female patient with its ultrasonographic appearance in detail.
  1 3,171 196
CASE REPORTS
Actinomycotic infection of the tonsils: a case report and review of the literature
Ramiya Ramachandran Kaipuzha, Satvinder Singh Bakshi, Suriyanarayanan Gopalakrishnan, A Govindarajan
January-June 2018, 2(1):31-33
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_19_17  
Actinomycotic infections of the head and neck, although fairly uncommon, represent an important entity because of its varied presentation, difficult diagnosis, and long course of treatment. A 20-year-old female presented with throat pain and difficulty in swallowing since 1 year. Examination revealed a Grade IV enlargement of the left tonsil. The patient underwent tonsillectomy, and the postoperative histopathology revealed actinomycosis. Actinomyces are anaerobic filamentous bacteria which are known to colonize as commensals in tonsillar crypts which on histology show an outer zone of granulation tissue and a central zone of necrosis containing many sulfur granules that represent microcolonies of actinomyces. Actinomycosis of the head-and-neck region is a significant entity because it can mimic other common lesions especially in the oropharynx. In cases of recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy, tonsillectomy is the treatment of choice and histopathological examination of resected tissue is strongly advocated. This report supports the view that actinomyces may have a causal association with recurrent acute tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy.
  1 20,219 693
REVIEW ARTICLES
Nanotechnology in periodontal management
Swetha Kennedy, Sivapragasam Srinivasan, Kavitha Jayavel, Rajasekar Sundaram
January-June 2019, 3(1):8-15
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_4_21  
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field, focused on the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems by controlling matter on a nanometer scale, and the utilization of novel phenomena and properties at that length scale. The application of nanotechnology in periodontology holds promise for the maintenance of comprehensive health care by using nanomaterials, including tissue engineering and nanorobots. A literature review was carried out on Google Scholar and PubMed about nanotechnology in periodontics, and the data have been taken from the selected articles and reviewed. This review gives an up-to-date view on nanotechnology, their role in diagnosis and management of periodontal diseases.
  1 3,823 309
Role of periostin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Sandhya Sundar, Pratibha Ramani, Herald J Sherlin, Gifrina Jayaraj
July-December 2018, 2(2):35-40
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_2_19  
Background: Like any other cancer, tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is closely connected to every step of its tumorigenesis. Periostin is a unique multifunctional extracellular matrix protein found to be overexpressed in various types of human cancers. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to critically analyze various studies in literature that have reported the expression of emerging novel tumor marker “PERIOSTIN” and to determine its role in OSCC. Materials and Methods: Articles on periostin in relation to OSCC were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and a thorough Google search was done. Hand search of Journals was also performed. Of nine potentially relevant articles, four were excluded on the grounds of exclusion criteria, and one was excluded being a review article. However, one article was included by internet search and hand search. Of the total of five relevant articles reviewed, the resulting data were collected and tabulated. Results: All the five studies reviewed demonstrated an upregulation of periostin in OSCC. Among the five, two studies showed a positive correlation of periostin with the invasive patterns of OSCC. Two of the studies correlated the expression of periostin with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Four of the five articles reviewed, showed a significant correlation of periostin expression with metastasis of OSCC. Conclusion: The inference drawn from this systematic review is that the periostin plays an important role in tumor progression including invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of OSCC raising the possibility that it could be used as a molecular target in the therapy of OSCC patients.
  1 8,739 865
Osteosarcoma of jaws: An insight into literature
Fatema Saify, Shilpa Jain
July-December 2018, 2(2):41-46
DOI:10.4103/ijofb.ijofb_9_18  
Osteosarcoma (OS), referred to as osteogenic sarcoma, is the most common primary malignant bone tumor excluding plasma cell tumors. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy. It commonly involves the appendicular skeleton. Like, its counterpart in the long bones, OS affecting the head-and-neck region shows the distinct yet diverse clinical, histologic, and prognostic characteristics. Its diagnosis is a challenge to oral pathologists and is especially important in early stages to improve its prognosis. The data have been taken from the published articles and standard books and are summarized. In this review, in addition to summarizing the current understanding of OS etiology and diagnostic methods, various experimental therapeutics have been described that provides evidence to encourage a potential paradigm shift toward the introduction of immunomodulation, which may offer a more comprehensive approach to battling cancer.
  1 8,770 775
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